Notes
Mutation – change in genetic material
Gene Mutations
1 Gene Mutation – a change in the bases (GCAT)
2 Causes – chemical and radiation
3 Mutations are random
Replication Errors – when one DNA strand becomes two.
1 Substitution – incorrect base pairing
2 Insertion – addition of an extra base
3Deletion – removal of a base
4a Insertion and Deletion are more disruptive
4b 12 I & D shifts all the bases over by one, thus changing all the codons
4c 13 I & D cause a frame shift
Chromosome Mutations
1 Duplication – a stretch of DNA is copies twice
2 Deletion – a stretch of DNA is not copied
3 Inversion – a stretch of DNA is flipped/reversed
4 Translocation – piece of DNA switches chromosomes
Sex Cell Mutation
1 Extra chromosomes or loss of chromosomes
2 Carriers – only one copy of a mutation – often do OK
3 Two copies of a mutation – not OK
Gene Mutations
Teacher's Pet - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOtRqBs0jxE
Chromosomal Mutations - Quality
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MLDCJ2gUC84
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=THAjvn1cdDM
Video explanation of the notes below:
https://youtu.be/GieZ3pk9YVo
Notes
Mutation – change in genetic material
Gene Mutations
1 Gene Mutation – a change in the bases (GCAT)
2 Causes – chemical and radiation
3 Mutations are random
Replication Errors – when one DNA strand becomes two.
1 Substitution – incorrect base pairing
2 Insertion – addition of an extra base
3Deletion – removal of a base
4a Insertion and Deletion are more disruptive
4b 12 I & D shifts all the bases over by one, thus changing all the codons
4c 13 I & D cause a frame shift
Chromosome Mutations
1 Duplication – a stretch of DNA is copies twice
2 Deletion – a stretch of DNA is not copied
3 Inversion – a stretch of DNA is flipped/reversed
4 Translocation – piece of DNA switches chromosomes
Sex Cell Mutation
1 Extra chromosomes or loss of chromosomes
2 Carriers – only one copy of a mutation – often do OK
3 Two copies of a mutation – not OK
End.....................................................................
End
Substitution - Explain
Insertion - Explain
Deletion - Explain
Chromosomal Duplication
Chromosomal Deletion
Chromosomal Inversion
Chromosomal Translocation